Upon completion of the course, the students are expected to:
• Grasp the following concepts on both theoretical and experiential levels: observing, sensing, perceiving, thinking, labeling, describing, defining, interpreting, facts, inferences, and generalizations.
• Understand the potential for maintaining self-awareness within one’s own thinking-feeling-perceiving-inference-making process.
• Recognize the correlation between clear thinking and maintaining active awareness of the present.
• Understand how clear thinking is connected to word clarity.
• Acquire an understanding of concepts related to assumptions, opinions, viewpoints, and their complexities.
• Comprehend the distinction between mental experiences and problematic confusion with facts.
• Understand how viewpoint bias influences information framing and shaping.
• Grasp the concept of conscious and unconscious viewpoints.
• Understand the nature of arguments as supported claims and differentiate reasons from conclusions.
• Learn analytical techniques for assessing arguments and identifying fallacies.
• Recognize and evaluate seventeen informal fallacies through definitions and examples.
• Gain insight into the forms and standards of inductive and deductive thinking.
• Understand empirical reasoning, the scientific method, hypothesis, probability, and causal reasoning.
• Comprehend the differences between deductive and inductive reasoning and their interaction.
Additionally, students will practice and develop these skills:
• Suspend thinking to observe and gather data.
• Achieve word clarity.
• Describe evidence without introducing labels and interpretations.
• Distinguish facts from inferences.
• Provide evidence to support generalizations.
• Assess assumptions, opinions, and viewpoints for their strengths and limitations.
• Identify underlying and value assumptions in discourse.
• Differentiate opinions from facts.
• Recognize hidden opinions in evaluative language.
• Identify sources and their viewpoint characteristics.
• Analyze news frames.
• Assess source reliability.
• Recognize propaganda characteristics.
• Identify conclusions and reasons within arguments.
• Differentiate reports from arguments.
• Articulate the central issue in question.
• Analyze arguments and detect fallacies.
• Evaluate deductive arguments for validity and soundness.
• Identify hidden premises.
• Apply different standards to inductive and deductive reasoning.
• Conduct research and prepare argumentative assignments.
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